Drafting-machine.



C. H. LITTLE.

DRAFTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION nun JUNE 27. 1904.

Patented- Sept. 19, 1911.

gar/68 C. H. LITTLE.

DRAFTING MACHINE. APPLIOATION I'ILED 11111337. 1904.

Patented Sept. 19, 1911.

4. BHEETS-BHEBT 2.

J6 l 1) mg; $716 ,1 H J7 asses 150677671 0. 11. LITTLE. DRAFTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 27, 1904.

1,003,765. Patented Sept. 19,1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

lllllllllllllll illlll? G. H. LITTLE.

DRAFTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION rum) JUNE 27, 1904.

1,003,765. Patented Sept. 19,1911.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES H. LITTLE, F CLEVELAND, OHIO.

nmrI Ne-MAonniE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Sept. 19, 1911.

Application filed June 27, 1904. Serial in. 214,340.

To all whom it may concern:

' Be it known that I, CHARLES H. LITTLE, a citizen of the United States, and resident of- Clevelan county of Cuyahoga, and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Drafting-Machines, of

which the following is a specification, and

which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

This invention relates to drafting machines of the type adapted to be attached to a drawing board and movable over its sur-' face. Its objects are to proyide improved means for securing the machine to the board; to generally improve and sim lify the construction of the machine, and to'increase its utility; the invention conslsting in the structure and in various parts of the structure hereinafter described, and which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings,

in which 7 Figure 1 is a detail lan of a drawing board, with a plan view 0 one form of the machine; Fig. 2 is a detail plan of a traveler for c'arryinglthe machine and of the track upon whlch e same rides Fig. 3 is a sectional detail on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is 'a detail bottom plan view of the traveler; Fig. 5is a sectional detail, partly in elevation, on. the line 5-5,of Fig. 2; Fig. 6 is a detail section on the line 6 6,of Fig. 1; Fig. 7 is a detail on the line 7 -7 of Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is a detail on the line 88 of Fig.1; Fig. 9 is a detail plan view of one form of drafting instrument incorporated into the machine; Figs. 10, 11 and 12 are sectional details on the lines, respectively, 1010, 1l'11 and 12-12.of Fig.- 9; Fig. 13 is a detail elevation viewed from the line 1313 of Fig.9; Fig. 14 is a detail section on the line 1414 of Fig. 1; Fig. 15 is a plan of one of the parts; Fig. 16 1s a detail section .on the line 16-16 of Fig. 15; Figs. 17 and 18 are details of the carrier.

The drawing board .4 forms no part of this invention and is shown as of the ordinary oblong rectangular form. The drawing' machine is preferably secured to the drawing board through the medium of, and

so as to move upon, a straight rail or track 25. Such track is secured to the board by means of bracket arms 27, 28, which preferably lie along the edge of the board and are attached by any suitable means, as screws.

A traveler 30, preferably formed of a plate of sheet metal having its side edges "the 29 pendent from the traveler, the spring reacting between the bracket 33 and a nut. 36 running upon the stem 35. By this means all of the rollers are drawn closely into con tact with the side faces of the track-bar 25 and the traveler is held in alinement therewith, and the friction between the traveler and track is thus reduced. I11 order. to eliminate the friction which 'would result from the rubbing of the bottom of the traveler upon the track,'there may be secured to the under face of the latter a plate 37 which projects beyond its inner face and is offset downwardly, as shown at 38. A roller 39,

journaled in a suitable hanger secured to the under face of the traveler 30, bears upon the top of the portion 38 of the plate 37, and

' is of suflicient length to admit of its longitudinal adjustment relatively as tothe traveler, permitting the shifting of the drawing machine to the extreme ends of the traveler and thus rendering available the entire surface of the drawing board. To this end a plurality of binding screws 43 are employed,

as shown they are three in number.

The drawing machine will be secured to the base block by various means, depending upon the character of the'instrument employed. When this instrument takes the form of a swinging arm, such, for example, as forms the subject of my pending applications Serial Numbers 75,004 and 114,115, which form of instrument is shown in the accompanying drawings, there is employed an anchor block or plate.in pivotal enga ement with the base plate 42, so that the. 1n-. .strument may be swung vertically.

As shown, this anchor takes the form of upper A pair of parallel bars 49, 50, is pivoted tothe anchor thus formed, their outer ends being united by means'of a cross-bar 51, taking the form of an annulus. The pivots. by means of which the bars 49 and 50 are secured to the anchor plates, consist each of a small block, .shown as and preferably;

though not necessarily, taking the form of a perfect sphere and designated in the drawings 52, 53.. These pivot blocks are seated in concave recesses formed in the adjacent faces of thebars and one of the anchor plates, as 45, and each of the bars is further held in place by means of a small boss 54, 55, struck up in the other plate 44 and entering a recess coaxial with the recess Within which the pivot block is seated.

A spring cross-arm 56 is so disposed below the plate 45 that the bosses 58, 59, struck up on its inner face, engage recesses in the lower face of the plate 45, and such recesses are preferably coaxial with and open to the recesses within which the pivot blocks are sea-ted, so that the bosses bear upon such blocks. The cross-arm 56 is in bow formrand is compressed against the plate 45 by means of a screw-bolt 57 project- 40 ing loosely through the plates 44 and 45 and engaging the cross-arm 56.

A second pair of parallel bars 60, 61, is pivoted to the annulus 51, the two pairs of parallel bars engaging opposite faces there- 45 of. Their pivots, as also the pivots uniting the bars 49 and 50 with the annulus, take the form of blocks 62, shown as and pref- ,erably spherical, such balls being seated in registering recesses formed in the adjacent 50 faces of the several arms and of the annulus; and the arms and annulus are bound together by means of a pair of cross-bars 63, 64, preferably of sprin metal, located, respectively, above .and be ow the annulus and both sets of parallel bars, and clamped together by a ,screw-bolt 65 setting through said-cross-bars and being headed at one end and provided with -a nut 66 at the other. The pivotsuniting the two sets of parallel bars to the annulus 51 are arranged in intersecting and preferably relatively perpendicular lines. I

The outer ends of the bars 60- and 61 are united by means of a cross-bar 67, their piv- 65 ots, 68, being of the same'form as are used the form of a ball seated in recesses in the in connection with the annulus; and the parts are bound together by means of a cross-arm 69, preferably of spring metal, bearing upon the arms 60 and 61, and clamped .to the cross-bar 67 by ineans of a 70 screw 70 setting loosely through one of the members, as the bar 69, and in threaded engagement with'the other, as 67.

' The drafting instrument used in connect-ion with the swinging arms already described may take any desired form, there is shown a protractor 72 having a base-bar 73, pivoted to an arm 71 projecting from one end of the cross-bar 67 and adjustably secured to-the opposite end of the latter bar. The latter attachment is shown as beingaccomplished by means of a screw-bolt 74, running in a divided nut 75, clamped to the bar 67 by means of a clip 76 and a screwbolt 77 the bolt 74 having at its inner end a ball 78, seated in a recess in the protractor base 73 and clamped thereto by means of a spring clip 79 secured to said base. The ball 78 being rotatable under the clip 79, the protractor may be adjusted by turning the screw 74cso as to bring its base 73 into proper angular relation with the crossbar .67. v

An arm 80 projects forwardly from the protractor base 73 to the center of the protractor, and to this arm is pivoted the swinging member 81 of the protractor, its pivot 82 being located at the center from which the scale of the protractor is struck and taking adjacent faces of the arm 80 and the member 81, the parts being clamped together by means of a spring c-lip83 secured to the arm 80,and bearing upon the upper face of the member 81.

The drafting appliances carried by the protractor may be of any desired-form, as shown comprising a pair of scaled rulers 84 and85, each secured to the arin 81 by means of chucks comprising the tapering and undercut plates 86, 87, secured to the rulers and engaging the correspondingly recessed chucking plates 88, 89, attached directly to the member 81. As in the case of the structures of the device shown in one of my earlier applications, already referred to, the chucking plates are adjustably secured to the a rulers, as plainly indicated at 90 in Fig. 9.

In the present instance the two rulers 84 and 85 are placed in perpendicular relation, the one being radial and the other bein tangential as to the protractor; and in order to bring the zero mark of the scale of the tangential ruler in line with the straight edge of the radially disposed ruler, the chucking plate carrying the former ruleris adjustably secured to the member 81, as indicated at 91. a

The member 81 carries an arm 92 pro- I vided with a registering mark 93, which-130 sweeps the scale of the rotractor. A spring pawl 94 is also carried by the member 81, cooperating with ratchet teeth or notches 95 formed in the perimeter of the'protractor. These notches, while being V-shaped, each has one, its rearward face, radial as to the protractor and its other or forward face oblique to the radius thereof. The nose of the pawl 94 is com lementary in form, and a spring 96, reacting bet-ween the clip 83 and the member 81, tendsto throw the latter backwardly so as to bring the radially disposed face of the pawl firmly into engagement with, the corresponding vface of the notch into which the pawl is thrown.

The pawl 94 is laterally adjustable as to the member 81, and to this end the latter is provided with a segmental shaped arm 97 concentric with the protractor, and the-pivot.

of the pawl is adjustably secured to this arm. By this means the number of ratchet notches 95 may be reduced. Such notches are spaced at regular intervals or multiples of such interval, and the adjustment of the pawl 5 renders the instrument convenient of use in connection with base lines other than horizontal. The pawl is shown as provided with a thumb piece 98, by means of which it may be disengaged from the notches ofthe pro- 39 tractor.-

The member 81 may be secured in any ad justable position byimeans of a nut 99, running upon a threaded bolt 100, which passes loosely through the member 81 and has a 5 slottedhead 101 in engagement with the inner edge of the arc of the protractor, as plainly shown'in Fig. 10.

In the use of a swinging drafting machine,

such as has been described, in connection 40 with a, vertical or inclined drawing board, it becomes important that a counterpoise be provided for retaining the arms -of the machine in any position to which they may be turned. I prefer'to employ springs for this purpose, applying them directly to the two sets of parallel bars. In the case of the inner set of bars49, 50,'which swing in both directions from the perpendicular, it will be observed that they are spaced apart to the maximum when vertical and approach each other as they swing either way. The coun-v terpoise being necessary only when they are inclined, the spring is applied so as to tend to force them together and, generally speaking, is attached to one of the bars, as 49, and bearsupon the outer edge of the other one, 50. Specifically, the device consists of an arm 102, rigidly attached to the bar 49 and projecting across and beyond the bar 50. To the outer end of this arm is attached a spring arm 103, bearing against the outer edge of the bar 50, and, in order to avold friction, being provided with an anti-friction roller, as shown. Thespring 103 is attached-tea post 104, which is fixed to a plate 105, pivotedat 106 to the arm 102 and provided with a thumb-piece 107, by means of which itmay be conveniently moved.

The plate l05 carries a ratchet 108, with which there cooperates a spring pawl 109, attached to the arm 102,'so that the tension of the spring 103 may be varied by the adjustmentof the plate 105 about its pivot. In order to provide against any distort-ion of the bars 49 and 50, due to the application of the counterpoising mechanism, a crossbar 110 may unite these bars intermediate of theirends.

'The outer pair, 60 and 61, of the parallel arms swings upwardly and downwardly from the horizontal position and is always inclined from the vertical. The counterpoise "applied thereto, therefore, necessarily acts at all times to tend to raise these bars. It will be seen that as they swing upwardly the pivot at the outer end of the lower bar .61 approaches the pivot at the inner end of the upper bar 60, and the counterpoising is accomplished by the use of a retractile spring 111, tending to draw these two pivots together. This spring is conveniently and adjustably applied by having its ends attached to clips 112, 113, 'the former of which is secured to the bar 60 near its inner end and the latter of which is secured to the bar 61 nearits outer end. By shifting these clips along the bars to which they are attached the tension of the spring 111 may be varied.

To prevent the swinging arms and the drafting instrument carried thereby from dragging over the drawing board, a support is provided at the anchor block and takes the form, in the present case, of a screw 116, set through an arm 117 projecting forwardly from the plate 45 and bearing against the base block 42.

By means of the mechanism shown and described the drafting instrument is readily movable sons to be serviceable at any partof the drawing board. In case 'of the machine comprising the swinging arms, and illustratedin Fig. 1, the traveling anchorage is of value as permitting the shortening of the arms without reducing the range of usefulness of the instrument.

The form of pivots described in connection with this machine renders it more nearly accurate, while being very simple and cheap of construction and automatically compensating for wear and maintaining the accuracy of the device. I

Various features of the apparatus herein shown and described are not claimed for the reason that they are made the subject of claims in a copending application filed by myself.

I claim 1. In a drafting machine, in combination, an anchor block adaptedfor attachment to a 1 drawing board; a pair of parallel ruler members pivotally attached to the anchor block; a cross-bar pivoted to the swinging ends of the ruler members; a bracket arm secured to one of the ruler members; a spring arm secured to the bracket arm and bearing upon outer face of the other ruler member.

3. In a drafting machine, in combination,-

an anchor block adapted for attachment to a drawing board; a pair of parallel ruler members pivotally attached to the anchor block; a cross-bar pivoted to the swinging ends of theruler members; a bracket arm secured to one of the ruler members; a member pivoted to the bracket; means for adjustably securing such member; a spring secured to such member and bearing upon the other ruler member to force it toward its mate.

4. In a drafting machine, in combination, an anchor block adapted for attachment to a drawing board; a pair of parallel ruler members pivotally attached to the anchor block; a cross-bar pivoted to the swinging ends of the ruler members; a bracket arm secured to one of the ruler members; a plate pivoted to the bracket and having ratchet teeth; a spring pawl carried by the bracket and engaging the teeth; and a spring secured to the plate and bearing upon the other ruler member to force it toward its mate.

5. In a drafting machine, in combination, a bar forming a base, a protractor pivoted at one end of the bar, a screw bolt adjustably securing the protractor to the other end of the bar and having a ball engaging a socket in the protractor; a split nut carried by the bar for'receiving the shaft of the bolt, anda means for clamping the two parts of the nut together.

6. In a drafting machine, in combination,

a bar forming a base, a protractor pivoted at one end of the bar, a divided spherical nut seated in a recess in the bar; a clamp engaging the nut to seat it and bind its parts together; a screw-bolt engaging the nut and having a ball on its-end seated in a recess in the protractor; and a spring clamp carried by the protractor for seating the ball.

7 In a drafting machine, in combination,

an anchor block adapted for attachment to a drawing board; a pair of parallel ruler members pivotally attached to the-anchor block; a cross-bar pivoted to the swinging ends of the ruler members; and a spring supported on one of said ruler members and bearing 'upon the outer edge of the other with a toggle action.

8. In a drafting machine, in combination, an anchor block adapted for attachment'to a drawing board; a pair of parallel ruler members pivotally attached to the anchor block; a cross-bar pivoted to the swinging ends of the ruler members; an arm secured to one ruler member and crossing the other; a spring carried at the outer end of such arm and bearing upon the outer edge of the adjacent ruler member with a toggle action.

9. Ju combination, an anchor block; a pair of parallel ruler members pivoted to the block; a cross-bar uniting the outer ends of the ruler members; an arm secured to one of the ruler members and crossing the other; and a spring arm projecting laterally from the outer end of the first named arm and bearing upon the outeredge of the adjacent ruler member, and tending to fold back against its supportin arm.

10. In a drafting iachine, in combination, an annulus; two pairs of parallel ruler members pivotally attached to the annulus, one pair to each disk face thereof; each pivot comprising a ball seated in registerin sockets in the parts it unites; and a pair 0' bars applied respectively to the outer faces of each pair of ruler members; and a screw drawing the bars together.

11. In a drafting machine, in combination, an anchor block; a pair of parallel ruler members pivoted to such block; a second pair of parallel ruler members; a crossbar pivotally connecting such second named pair of ruler members atone end thereof;

' an annulus to which both pair of ruler members are pivoted, each pivot comprising a ball seated in registering sockets in the parts pivoted together; a pair of bars crossing the annulus and each bearing on the members of one pair .of ruler members to force them against their pivot balls; and a screw engaging such bars to draw them toward each other.

12. In a drafting machine, in combination, an anchor block; two pairs of parallel ruler members, one pair thereof being pivoted to the 'anchor block; a cross-bar pivotally uniting the swinging ends of such last named pair of ruler members and the second pair thereof beingpivoted to such crossbar; .and a cross-bar pivotally uniting the outer ends of the secondpair of ruler members; each of such pivots being a ball seated in registering sockets in the members jointed together; and springs holding each of such members in engagement with the pivot ball with which it cooperates.

13. In a drafting machine, in combination, a suitable support, a protractor pivoted to the support, a divided nut carried bythe support, a screw engaging the nut by the support, a screw engaging the nut and having a ball seated in a recess in .the

protractor, and a spring clip carried by the protractor and bearing upon the ball.

15. In a drafting] machine, in combination, a protractor aving ratchet teeth; a pawl for engaging the ratchet teeth and carried. by the swinging member of the protractor and being laterally adjustable thereupon.

16, In a drafting machine, in combination, an anchor block adapted for attachment to a drawing board; a pair of parallel ruler members pivotally attached to the anchor block; a cross-bar pivoted to the swinging ends of the ruler members; a bracket arm secured to one of the ruler members; a member pivoted to the bracket; and a spring secured tosuch member and bearing 'upon the other ruler member to force it toward its mate.

CHAS. H. LITTLE.

. Witnesses:

Enw. B. SLAUSON,

JACOB GOIDBERGER. 

